exercise and aging Archives - Fran's Fitness Over 50

You’re tracking your heart rate – what does it mean?

You’ve got a smart watch and are tracking your heart rate – now what?

I don’t have one. And I don’t really want one. Yeah, some of the things they do are pretty cool, but I’d need glasses to see what it says. Most of the people I know wear one, though. A smart watch. If you’ve got one, you know it tracks lots of things, such as your heart rate. You know your heart rate goes up and it goes down. But what does your heart rate variability really mean? And why is it important to keep track of your heart rate?

If you’re paying attention to your heart rate’s highs and lows, then you should know your average resting heart rate. The American Heart Association says that your resting heart rate should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute for a normal adult. Very active people or athletes can have normal resting heart rates as low as 40 beats per minute. But what does a higher resting heart rate signify?

Higher resting heart rates mean that your heart is working harder to circulate your blood throughout your body. And it could mean that not enough blood or oxygen is reaching your brain, organs, or tissues. AARP also indicates that a higher resting heart rate is normal with age.

A higher heart rate is common when we exercise, though. Those heart rate by age graphics about two-thirds of the way through a workout video never seem to go high enough when I’m taking my heart rate. It’s frustrating. I’m not too old to be exercising, and I want to check my status as well.

But it’s an easy formula to figure out the target your heart rate should be when exercising:

Your maximum heart rate is 220 minus your age.

Your target heart rate during exercise according to the AHA should be 50 – 85 percent of your maximum heart rate.

Easy enough to calculate. Especially with one of those handy-dandy smart watch calculators. So, get up, get sweaty, and hit those targets.

Of course, if you’re concerned about your heart rate, ask your doctor. Also, before you begin any exercise program, check with your medical provider.

Exercise and the brain, and Lumosity

Yes, I’m a nerd. And I embrace my nerdship. I play Lumosity games every day to exercise my brain. Some of the games are lots of fun, like the train one. I’m really bad at it, but I enjoy it. Other games are not so much fun, but I do them (sigh) because they’re good for me. All beside the point. The other day I earned a card playing brain games on Lumosity: Exercise and the Brain.

Exercise is good for the brain

It’s nothing we didn’t already know, that exercise is good for the brain. Exercise, especially cardio, increases blood flow, including blood flow to the brain. And regular exercise has been linked to slower loss of brain volume as we age. Lumosity cites a study by Luis F. Ciria, et al that seems to confirm this. The researchers note in this review that exercise does not seem to cause improved cognition, but other studies have shown that with exercise our cognitive function is sustained.

Lumosity is quick to point out that a single workout won’t do much for our brain, but regular workouts do seem to give our brains a boost.

Moderate workouts for the win

And they note that the workouts don’t have to be intense. Regular moderate workouts are great for our brain. A 30-minute brisk walk most days of the week is something to shoot for. An amble through a shopping mall won’t cut it, though. If you don’t like to walk, Lumosity, like others, says that a workout you will do is loads better than scheduling a workout that you won’t.

I’m not a huge fan of walking or running on my own, so I’ve implemented the Make It Fun and It Gets Done theory. I listen to an exciting audiobook that lets me forget what I’m doing and takes me into the story. Before I know it, my treadmill time is done, I’m dripping with sweat, and the characters in my book have gotten themselves into another dangerous situation.

So, get your walk on. It’s good for your brain. Find a way to make exercise at least tolerable. Lumosity says so.

The sneaky reason we seniors feel the heat more

It’s not just you. We seniors feel the heat more now than we used to. Yet another thing we lose as we age (besides our hair, our eyesight, our hearing, and our sense of balance) is the ability of our sweat glands to regulate our internal thermostat. Our sweat glands become less efficient, so we feel the heat more. And some prescriptions we take can also affect our body’s ability to cool itself. In extreme heat, we can become warm without even realizing it, and that could be dangerous.

But before you vow to not leave air conditioning for the foreseeable future, know that you don’t have to stop doing the things you love to do. You may have to modify them a bit and make some accommodations to your physical reality, but don’t stop.

You’ve all heard the advice to drink more fluids when it’s hotter, and that’s good advice. It’s always wise to stay hydrated. But when it’s hot, you may not realize that you need to take a drink of water before you’re thirsty. And ask your doctor if any of your prescriptions can affect how you feel the heat.

You’ll see more folks out walking really early when it’s hot, and that’s sensible. Do your walking before it gets too hot. And you may also want to take it a little easy on extreme heat days. The Centers for Disease Control has a Heat Risk Tracker that you can check just by entering your zip code to see how your area may be affected.

The clothes you choose to wear can make you more comfortable, too. Fabrics that breathe, like cotton, help keep you cool. And clothes that fit you more loosely help as well.

So, don’t let the heat scare you. We feel the heat more, but if we’re prepared we can still enjoy the summer months.

Get mobile

I turn 71 next week. Scary. If there’s one thing I’ve learned, researching fitness topics over the years, it’s that we all want to maintain our independence as we age. We want to be able to do the things we want to do when we want to do them and not be tied to someone else’s schedule. This increases our resilience. And, of course, ties into our healthy aging goals. We need to be mobile, to maintain our balance, and have the strength to carry ourselves and the stuff we take out of or into our homes. You know that I’m a fierce balance advocate. (Join the Balance for Fitness, Balance for Life group on Facebook for daily 2-minute exercise recommendations.) And I’ve talked about incorporating strength work into the exercise programs we do. But what does it mean to get mobile?

Joint mobility means how well an individual joint or a group of joints—like your shoulders or hips—can move. A healthy joint is able to move more and move better, and it’s less likely to cause pain or get injured, according to the Silver Sneakers blog. But how well we move throughout the day requires full body mobility, and that means that all our parts have to work well together.

We need good posture to keep our back straight and shoulders unhunched, a strong core for power. And we need good balance to keep us sure-footed.

Flexibility helps with that movement. If we can touch our toes, then our hips and legs are working. But to truly get mobile, we’ll need some more dynamic exercises that work multiple parts at once. Lunges get those legs working. Go slow and easy with them at first, making sure your knees don’t go past 90 degrees. If you can see your shoelaces over your knee, you’re doing well. If you need a stick to help at first, use it. Do 8 to 10 on each side.

Another good mobility exercise is bird dog. On all fours with hands directly below shoulders and knees directly below hips, lift opposite limbs. Left arm and right leg. And hold for a bit. Lower slowly and switch. Do 8 to 10 of those.

Chair pose works the core. Tighten it, stand with feet shoulder width apart, raise your arms for counterbalance and lower down as if you’re hovering over a chair. Hold for about 5 breaths and stand up. Repeat a few more times.

These are just a couple of mobility exercises. There are so many more. Don’t forget that a part of staying independent is to get mobile.

We can be as flexible as we want to be

As flexible as we want to be

Do you look back fondly on the days you could tie your shoes without sitting down? Don’t accept as a fact that you’ll never be as flexible as that again. It might take some time, thought, and care, but we folks over 50 can be as flexible as we want to be. In fact, when done with focus, stretching can help us avoid pain. As an example, if the muscles in the front of your legs are too tight, it can lead to movement limitation in our pelvis and hips which can lead to lower back pain.

Becoming flexible can help prevent muscle and disk strains, shoulder strains, and backaches, according to WebMD. Working on your flexibility is also good for improving your balance. But don’t try to touch your toes the first time you try a stretching routine unless you’ve been doing that for a while. Start slowly and work your way up to the big stuff.

Static stretches first

You may want to start with static stretches – that is, holding a position for up to 30 seconds and then relaxing. And repeat a couple more times. But don’t bounce into the position – this can lead to injury.

Isometric Stretches

Isometric stretches are similar, but when you’re in the position, contract the muscle you’re stretching. Contract and release a few times while you’re holding. This can be hard, since we’re not always aware of the specific muscles we’re working. I know I’m not.

Dynamic Stretches

Dynamic stretches incorporate movement. Things like head rolls, leg swings, hip circles, and walking lunges are examples of dynamic stretches. Repeat for a certain number of repetitions, say 10 or 12.

If you decide that you want to incorporate stretches into your daily routine, decide when you want to do them and stick to a plan.

We’ve talked about goals and plans before – make sure that your plan is reasonable and achievable. Decide on the specific stretches you want to do, and reassess after a few weeks to make sure that you’re still getting benefits from your new routine. If you want to delve deeper, you can check out classes that focus on stretching and flexibility like Pilates, Yoga, and Tai Chi.

Use the stream for your fitness

We’re all so used to that little circle in the corner of our screens now – the commercial count-down. Those commercials are annoying, yes, but rather than be annoyed, use the stream for your fitness.

Social media calls this movement snacking – the idea is to move in the time it would take you to get a snack. This snack can counteract the effects of sitting too long. You know the feeling – when your knees and back are stiff when you stand up, you know you’ve been sitting too long. My sister and I tell each other to stand up at our desks when we’ve been deep in concentration all morning. And when we forget, if one of us gets up and our knees are stiff, we exclaim that we’ve been sitting for too long.

And these short bursts of activity can help regulate your blood sugar, boost your circulation, and enhance your focus.

Your movement snack can be as simple as just standing up and sitting down (without using your hands, of course) for the 90 seconds or so of the commercial break. Stepping from side to side is another good move. Marching in place with raised knees will get your heart rate up a little too. If the commercial has good music, dance to it. That’s a great movement snack. It really doesn’t matter what exercise you do, as long as you get up and do something. And if getting up isn’t an option, then sit up straight and move your feet side to side. Raise your arms overhead and lower them. Do some biceps curls even if you don’t have weights. Make a fist.

After consuming these movement snacks, you’ll also find that your energy level is higher. It could be that you may not fall asleep on the couch after dinner.
If there’s no commercial timer on the stream, just set your phone’s timer for 2 minutes. I’ll bet you’ll see a difference in how you feel with just a few days of using the stream for your fitness. You’re doing something good for your healthy aging and your resilience. In just a few days, you’re creating a great healthy habit. This is a good way to practice self-care. You’re making sure that you’ll be around for those who need you.

Strength or cardio first?

It’s the age-old question. Strength work or cardio first? You want to maximize your workout, and you know that you have to prioritize strength work. But you also have to get in your cardio. So, which should you do first? The experts agree – strength first, unless you’re focusing on endurance.

I don’t like to exercise – you know that – but I do want to stay fit and healthy. So I like to combine both strength and cardio in my workouts, even if I have less than an hour for my exercise session. By doing my strength work first, I’ll be fresher, and be able to focus on my form more. Chances are the exercises will be more effective, and I’ll build strength in my muscles more than if I did cardio first.

If I do cardio first, I’ll be more tired and my form won’t be as good. All good things to consider.

On the other hand, if I want to build my endurance, I’ll focus on cardio, spend a longer time on it, and just do the minimum amount of strength work.

Another thing to consider is whether one of your goals is losing weight. A small study found that doing strength training first actually burned more fat. Another point in its favor. Cardio relies on a mix of glycogen and fat for fuel, he added. “You burn glycogen when you lift weights, so if you do cardio afterward, your body has to burn more fat for fuel,” according to Danny King, physical trainer at the Life Time chain of fitness centers.

And don’t forget that body-weight exercises count as strength work. Push-ups and planks are great for strength. Lunges and burpees also count. To combine these body weight exercises with cardio work, perhaps do 30 seconds of jumping jacks, 30 seconds of planking, and so on. No need for fancy equipment.

Functional fitness moves – not just a trend

I don’t want to exercise just for the sake of exercising. Exercise is not my favorite thing to start with, so I’m only going to do it if it makes my life better in other ways. Focusing on functional fitness moves makes sense, then. “Functional fitness exercises train your muscles to help you do everyday activities safely and efficiently,” according to the Mayo Clinic. These exercises combine moves the way we move in everyday life. And, in fact, when we do functional moves, we’re getting at least double the benefit of the exercise. That’s efficiency.

The workouts I do have incorporated funcional moves for years – I never knew it. That’s how a 30-minute functional workout can take the place of a 45-minute one that doesn’t employ functional moves. And, the moves frequently use weights, so we’re getting the strength training we need for our muscle and bone health. The moves involve multiple joints and multiple muscles in the same exercise. Employing functional exercises makes moving around doing everyday activities easier, which improves our quality of life, increases our independence, makes us more optimistic and more resilient.

One functional fitness move is the squat with an overhead press – hold a pair of weights that are challenging for you, bend your arms so the weight is at the same level as your shoulder and have your feet shoulder-width apart. Squat, bending your knees so that they’re behind your toes if you look over them. Stand up and press the weights overhead. Bring the weights back to the starting position and repeat. You’re working most muscles in your body with this one.

Another functional move is the deadlift with row. Stand tall, holding challenging weights, keeping your knees soft. Bend from the hips keeping the weights close to your legs. At your lowest point, bend your elbows and bring the weights up to your waist, keeping your arms close to your sides. Bring the weights back down and stand. Repeat.

You get the idea – with functional fitness moves, you’re performing multiple moves, working more than one part and getting ready for whatever your day brings.

Try a smaller goal for the win

February goal

We think of resolutions as a New Year thing – because that’s the biggest new start of the year. But, here’s another way of looking at goals. We’re given a new start every month, every week, even every day. So, don’t look at your failure from the week, month, or year before as a complete flop, because you get another chance. If you like resolutions, start a February resolution now. If you prefer goals, start working on a February goal. You’ll be more likely to achieve a smaller goal anyway. And those small goals lead to bigger ones.

Those smaller goals count

Sure, you can have a big goal in mind when you create your smaller monthly goals. But those big goals are daunting. If a goal is too big, I’m frozen into paralysis and unable to accomplish anything. The overwhelming challenge of that big project or goal makes it impossible to continue. But smaller goals are more achievable. They’ll keep the momentum going. And they’re easier to attach milestones to. Plus, we have to remember that celebrating every milestone is even more likely to keep us on the path to that bigger goal.

There’s an old Chinese proverb that says that a long journey starts with a single step. You’ve got to start somewhere. And starting on the road makes you more likely to continue.

Breaking big projects into smaller goals also helps to reduce the fear – that paralysis we face when encountering something massive – and can also help to clarify the direction that the final project will take.

An example

Say your goal is to work out 4 times a week for a year. That’s 52 weeks, 4 times. Or 208 workouts. That’s a lot of workouts. Very daunting. But, break that up. Your goal for February is 16 workouts. 4 short weeks. That’s much more doable. And you can break that up even further. One week is only 4 workouts. A power walk on Sunday with the family, intense cardio on Monday, strength on Wednesday, and yoga on Friday. Celebrate afterward. Perhaps a new playlist? And you’re pumped for next week. You’re focused, you’re locked in. Your self-confidence is soaring. You’re resilient – you can tackle anything.

And that’s what smaller goals can do.

Goal for the year: do more squats

I know – most of us hate squats because we have bad knees. I know I do. Experts say the squat should be the number one exercise we seniors do. Let’s explore the why first, and then the how to make this our goal for the year..

The benefits

Squats will give you legs that can go forever. If we want to be able to walk from a distant parking space to the store, squats will give that gift to us. No more wasting time circling, looking for a close parking spot. Our legs will be strong enough to carry us wherever we want to go. Trips to Disney with the grandkids? You’ll be able to outwalk them through the parks. Hiking trips with friends? No problem. And if you’re used to seeing new cities from a bus window, you’ll be able to take walking tours instead pretty soon.

When you do more squats, you’ll be strengthening your thigh muscles and protecting your hip and knee joints. Exactly what we all need. When you do squats correctly without overextending, you will be improving muscle tone. You’ll experience that when you’re able to get out of low-slung chairs and sofas. No more struggling to stand up.

And you may live longer. Studies have shown that people with stronger quadriceps muscles (the ones on the front of your thighs) tend to live longer. Another side benefit – the way your legs look will change. You’ll actually see muscles. And that’s kind of cool, especially for us older folks. So that should be our goal of the year: do more squats!

Here’s how:

How to do a proper squat. Stand with your feet shoulder width apart. If you have hip issues, it’s OK if your legs are a little farther apart. Point your toes slightly outward. If you’re nervous about this, face a kitchen counter to start and hold on.

Bend at your knees and push your hips back like you are about to sit in a chair. Keep your back as straight as possible, chest up and heels planted on the floor (you can even try lifting your toes in your shoes). Tighten your core. Keep your weight evenly distributed. Make sure your knees don’t extend forward over your toes, because you can risk hurting your knees. You should be able to see your toes beyond your knees when you squat. There’s no need to go deep, because standing up is the more important part of the exercise.

To stand, push the ground away with your heels and exhale.

Aim for 2 sets of 8 squats each to start. Go at a slow pace – 2 seconds down, 2 up. And incorporate squats into your workouts 3 times a week.

As you get stronger, let go of the counter. You can hold your arms straight in front of you as you squat and at your sides as you stand. Or, if you tend to hunch over, cross your arms in front of your chest to help keep your back straight.

When you can successfully do 2 sets of 15 squats, try holding a pair of dumbbells at your sides. Start with light ones.

There are lots of variations, but start slowly and build up. You’ll be able to get out of that chair without using your hands in no time.